Basir, A.K. An estimated 1,600km (1,000mi) of fault surface slipped (or ruptured) about 15m (50ft) along the subduction zone where the Indian Plate slides under (or subducts) the overriding Burma Plate. The rising magma intrudes into the crust above and exits the Earth's crust through volcanoes in the form of a volcanic arc. The record section plot displays vertical displacements of the Earth's surface recorded by seismometers from the IRIS/USGS Global Seismographic Network plotted with respect to time (since the earthquake initiation) on the horizontal axis, and vertical displacements of the Earth on the vertical axis (note the 1cm scale bar at the bottom for scale). On December 26, 2004, a massive tsunami triggered by an earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia, killed more than 230,000 people in 14 countries. Read about our approach to external linking. [102], The tsunami caused severe damage and deaths as far as the east coast of Africa, with the furthest recorded fatality directly attributed to the tsunami at Rooi-Els, close to Cape Town, 8,000km (5,000mi) from the epicentre. Local camcorder footage showed the tsunami surging inland and flooding camping equipment at the Similan Islands while the tsunami caught tourists unaware at the Surin Islands, and dragging them out towards the sea. These volatiles rise into the overlying plate, causing partial melting and the formation of magma. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. On 26 December 2004, at 07:58:53 local time (UTC+7), a major earthquake with a magnitude of 9.19.3 Mw struck with an epicentre off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia. What happened? Giritharan, S. Bardhan, S.R. Besides that, a 10m (33ft) black muddy tsunami ravaged the city of Karaikal, where 492 people died. As well as the sideways movement between the plates, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake resulted in a rise of the seafloor by several metres, displacing an estimated 30km3 (7.2cumi) of water and triggering devastating tsunami waves. Climb a tree (if you cant head for higher ground). [126], Salted-over soil becomes sterile, and it is difficult and costly to restore for agriculture. Other aftershocks of up to magnitude 6.6 continued to shake the region daily for three or four months. The inundation distance is about 5km (3.1mi). Of all the moment released by earthquakes in the 100 years from 1906 through 2005, roughly one eighth was due to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. A tsunami that causes damage far away from its source is sometimes called a teletsunami and is much more likely to be produced by the vertical motion of the seabed than by horizontal motion. 14", "Asia-Pacific | 'Hundreds feared dead' in Burma", "The 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster: Evaluation of UNICEF's response (emergency and recovery phase). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". [57] On Maikhao Beach in north Phuket City, Thailand, a 10-year-old British tourist named Tilly Smith had studied tsunamis in geography at school and recognised the warning signs of the receding ocean and frothing bubbles. Khao Lak also experienced the largest tsunami run-up height outside of Sumatra. There's new evidence for what happened to people who survived Vesuvius Archaeologist studied tomb inscriptions and matched names to historical records. [23] This quake, together with the Great Alaskan earthquake (1964) and the Great Chilean earthquake (1960), account for almost half of the total moment. Island folklore recounted an earthquake and tsunami in 1907, and the islanders fled to inland hills after the initial shaking and before the tsunami struck. Some locations reported that the waves had reached a height of 30 feet (9 metres) or more when they hit the shoreline. How many people died in the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004? Tsunamis there are relatively rare despite earthquakes being relatively frequent in Indonesia. Our speedboat was getting closer to the shore. Petra Nemcova, supermodel who survived 2004 Indonesia tsunami, helps rebuild school hit by Hurricane Harvey.
how many people survived the 2004 tsunami What is the meaning of non ohmic? This time it dragged bungalows and restaurants down to the sea with it. [139], Countries in the region appealed to tourists to return, pointing out that most tourist infrastructure is undamaged. All I knew was I had to help people. The volcanic activity that results as the Indo-Australian Plate subducts the Eurasian Plate has created the Sunda Arc.
How many people died in 2004 tsunami? - Headshotsmarathon.org Women in Aceh required a special approach from foreign aid agencies, and continue to have unique needs. [124], The main effect was caused by poisoning of the freshwater supplies and of the soil by saltwater infiltration and a deposit of a salt layer over arable land. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Scientists investigating the damage in Aceh found evidence that the wave reached a height of 24 m (80 ft) when coming ashore along large stretches of the coastline, rising to 30 m (100 ft) in some areas when travelling inland. Its over 1,700-foot wave was the largest ever recorded for a tsunami. [75] Estimates based on the state of the shoreline and a high-water mark on a nearby building place the tsunami 7.59m (2530ft) above sea level and 23m (6ft 7in 9ft 10in) higher than the top of the train. There were two to five tsunamis that coincided with the local high tide in some areas. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Beyond the heavy toll on human lives, the Indian Ocean earthquake has caused an enormous environmental impact that will affect the region for many years to come. The tsunami of 2004 and the little girl in the Christmas dress; . Where did the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami occur? According to interviews, the second wave was the largest. Island folklore recounted an earthquake and tsunami in 1907, and the islanders fled to inland hills after the initial shaking and before the tsunami struck. After the tsunami, there was some concern that the country might be submerged entirely and become uninhabitable. Due to close proximity to the earthquake, the tsunami took just minutes to devastate the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Many people were seen being swept out . The direct results caused major disruptions to living conditions and commerce in coastal provinces of surrounded countries, including Aceh (Indonesia), Sri Lanka, Tamil Nadu (India) and Khao Lak (Thailand). The highest-recorded tsunami run-up was measured 19.6m (64ft) at Ban Thung Dap, on the south-west tip of Ko Phra Thong Island and the second-highest at 15.8m (52ft) at Ban Nam Kim. Why Alex Murdaugh was spared the death penalty, Why Trudeau is facing calls for a public inquiry, The shocking legacy of the Dutch 'Hunger Winter'. In the Maldives, 16 to 17 coral reef atolls that were overcome by sea waves are without fresh water and could be rendered uninhabitable for decades. Just seven people survived the ten-meter wave that hurtled up . Finally it hit street level and the water continued to rise. The top three worst tsunamis in history are the Sumatran tsunami of 2004, the Thoku tsunami in 2011, and the Lisbon earthquake and tsunami in 1755. Updates? Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Jennifer Ouellette - Mar 4, 2019 12:19 pm UTC I contacted him, but I was unable to reach him. Corrections? Some economists believe that damage to the affected national economies will be minor because losses in the tourism and fishing industries are a relatively small percentage of the GDP. But, in these instances, waves reached incredible heights of more than 150 feet. The most damaging tsunami on record before 2004 was the one that killed an estimated 40,000 people in 1782 following an earthquake in the South China Sea.
Indonesia tsunami: Aftershocks rock Palu day after disaster Over 230,000 people died when the massive waves hit the coasts of the countries . The agreement explicitly cites the tsunami as a justification. The first wave came 5 minutes after the earthquake, preceded by a recession of the sea up to 600700m (2,0002,300ft). As at the end of September 2006, there were 150 confirmed British dead and one highly likely to have died, giving a total of 151. [157] The announcement was a false alarm, and the Home Affairs minister withdrew their announcement. [14] Its epicentre was between Simeulue and mainland Sumatra. On some locations, a coastal road was built which was higher than the shore, protecting a hotel which was behind it. What is the tallest tsunami ever recorded? The second and third waves came in 10 minutes intervals after the first wave. The tsunami and its aftermath were responsible for immense destruction and loss on the rim of the Indian Ocean. All of them were speeding through and honking and they passed by the area. Bush also asked his father, former President George H. W. Bush, and former President Bill Clinton to lead a U.S. effort to provide private aid to the tsunami victims. Approximately 8,000 people were killed.
Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 | Facts & Death Toll | Britannica On December 26, 2004, an undersea earthquake struck off the coast of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Interviews with the locals revealed that the sea temporarily receded and exposed coral reefs. [31], The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake is thought to have triggered activity in both Leuser Mountain[32] and Mount Talang,[33] volcanoes in Aceh along the same range of peaks, while the 2005 NiasSimeulue earthquake had sparked activity in Lake Toba, an ancient crater in Sumatra. Also, the spread of solid and liquid waste and industrial chemicals, water pollution and the destruction of sewage collectors and treatment plants threaten the environment even further, in untold ways. The Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 lasted for seven hours and reached out across the Indian Ocean, devastating coastal areas of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, Maldives, and Thailand, and as far away as East Africa. [58] John Chroston, a biology teacher from Scotland, also recognised the signs at Kamala Bay north of Phuket, taking a busload of vacationers and locals to safety on higher ground. Areas with dense coconut groves or mangroves had much smaller inundation distances, and those with river mouths or backwaters saw larger inundation distances. how many people survived the 2004 tsunami. On the island's east coast, the tsunami contaminated wells on which many villagers relied for drinking water. Shortly before 08:00 on 26 December 2004, a magnitude-9.1 earthquake struck under the sea in northern Indonesia. Each of these megathrust earthquakes also spawned tsunamis in the Pacific Ocean. Some people survived . [143][144] In 2008, a team of scientists working on Phra Thong, a barrier island along the hard-hit west coast of Thailand, reported evidence of at least three previous major tsunamis in the preceding 2,800 years, the most recent from about 700 years ago.