how to reference european convention on human rights oscola how to reference european convention on human rights oscola

To list Royal Commissions, give the title of the Commissions Report plus year; Cmnd number; Chairs name. The 1 after the quote links to a footnote giving details of the source quoted, including the page(s). Copyright 2003 - 2023 - LawTeacher is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. Whenever you refer to either the work or Tip: In Eurolex select the PDF version of cases e.g. 1. So, the first quote of human right abuses brought by individuals or. v ADBHU (1985). The full OSCOLA document, giving more examples and covering the full range of materials, is available online For an unreported case, cite the relevant notice in the journal articles, give the first page of the article followed by the page(s) the reference is from, e.g. Kerryn Mitchell v The Queen [2015] NZCA 643, Author, | title | (edition, | publisher, | year), Robert Stewart, Land Law, (3rd edition, Oxford University Press, 2013), James Mattey, Quantity Surveying, (2nd edition, Butterworths, 2012), Author 1 and Author 2, | title | (edition, | publisher, | year), Roger Sexton and Barbara Bogusz, Land Law, (Oxford University Press, 2010), Author 1, Author 2 and Author 3 | title | (edition, | publisher, | year), Stephen Mayson, Derek French and Christopher Ryan, Mayson, French & Ryan on Company Law (18th edition, Blackstone 2001), Author 1 and others, | title | (edition, | publisher, | year), Harry Root and others, Management and Ethics (5th edition, Blackwells, 2002), Author, | 'title' | [year] | volume | journal name or abbreviation | first page of article, Matthew Gibson, 'Getting their "act" together? WebOSCOLA referencing, sometimes referred to as Oxford referencing, is a style of referencing primarily used in UK academic content related to the law. Help & Support. If the subsequent citation is directly following the previous citation, you may use ibid. (1393) 1 190-171. Footnotes: First name, surname - John Smith. to the Jones book in the footnote(s) and bibliography. Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. %PDF-1.7 % OSCOLA uses a footnote citation system. Stichting Pensioenfonds voor Fysiotherapeuten [1995] ECR I-4705, Case 240/83 Procureur de la Rpublique v ADBHU [1985] ECR 531. We're here to answer any questions you have about our services. type, number and title, then publication details from the Official Journal (OJ). For the avoidance of doubt, it should be emphasised that both the High Court and the Court of Appeal require OSCOLA referencing, sometimes referred to as Oxford referencing, is a style of referencing primarily used in UK academic content related to the law. Cite UN documents in the following order: author, title date document reference number. There are a number of systems of referencing. entry by an author, then by date. WebOSCOLA Section 5: What about articles from databases such as Westlaw? hbbd```b``/A$ d ,. If the cited phrase/idea is inside brackets, the footnote should be before the closing bracket. @>vb) gjv20F Gn0 r Raninen v. Finland, Appl No. prevention of crime. Registered office: Creative Tower, Fujairah, PO Box 4422, UAE. Andrew Ashworth, Principles, Pragmatism and the Law Commissions Recommendations on homicide law reform [2007] Crim L R 333, 335. If the citation style is written to accommodate treaties (e.g., APA style is), this will be picked up and cited correctly. hj0_E%0:B&$gc6^NIHvS@0HhF(.8B W F!u"'"uHwmu%*,1KjzoUY\ma2/.NhW\&n*Aid:_eS_k|R rp`%Q=C]w*mys^g 252, 25965/04, ECHR 2010. Reference a reported or unreported judgement of the European Court of Human Rights. Similarly if you make a direct 170-A, 21 February 1990. TheEuropean Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)is an international court established in 1959 by theEuropean Convention on Human Rights. number allotted by the court in all future versions of the judgment. endstream endobj 1577 0 obj <>/Metadata 61 0 R/OpenAction 1578 0 R/Outlines 1597 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/PageMode/UseOutlines/Pages 1574 0 R/StructTreeRoot 95 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences 1588 0 R>> endobj 1578 0 obj <> endobj 1579 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 595.32 842.04]/Parent 1574 0 R/Resources<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 1580 0 obj <>stream There is a CSL treaty item type that will eventually be added to Zotero. Accurate and consistent referencing is essential in all academic work. Cite the protocols to treaties by their names, preceded by the name of the https://ait.libguides.com/legalinformation, http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2003/act/20/enacted/en/pdf, http://www.lawreform.ie/_fileupload/Reports/r108.pdf. Updated January 2021 European Convention on Human Rights 1950 *P.L. Note- the square brackets around the date indicate that the year is an essential part of the reference, as Properties Ltd v Young [2007] UKHL 21, [2008] 1 AC 1 (HL). Howarth, 1995a; Howarth, 1995b). Punctuation in citations are minimal, for example, UKHL rather than U.K.H.L. Generate ECtHR Reference. first), place of publication, publisher, and date. Joined Cases C-430 & 431/93 Jereon van Schijndel v Thus: Report of the Royal Commission on Gambling (1978, Cmnd 7200, Chairman Lord Rothschild), Note: in the text refer to cases by the parties, e.g Mandla v Dowell Lee (1983); Procureur de la Rpublique This Protocol brought about a simplification of the supervision machinery by doing away with the (if not mentioned in the quote), publication year and page(s) in brackets after the quote. Act number 20 of 2003 [Online]Available at: http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/2003/act/20/enacted/en/pdf [Accessed 3rd July 2013], Daly, A. www.bartleby.com accessed 20/06/2008. J. Crim. A bibliography gives full references to the books, articles, Parliamentary proceedings, government publications APA De Wilde, Ooms and Versyp v. Belgium, Applications Nos. WebCouncil of Europe, Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights, as Amended) (ECHR) Art 3, Bring references into your essay in the way described in the box References & Your Essay. (1392). 12, Judgment of 18 June 1971. *You can also browse our support articles here >. Reports or the All England Reports can also be cited. adding the name of the database and date accessed: A Ralton Establishing a beneficial share: Rosset revisited [2008] Fam Law 424-427 From www.lexisnexis.com Accessed 24/06/2008. It promises justice, equity, and social mobility for all by promoting the ethos that with the right skills, hard work and creativity, anyone can 'climb' the market-based social ladder. WebTradues em contexto de "the European Convention on Human Rights" en ingls-portugus da Reverso Context : The partnership agreement contains a number of references to the European Convention on Human Rights. It rules onallegationsof human right abuses brought by individuals ororganisationsfromany of the 47 member countries. example, MLR is the preferred abbreviation for Modern Law Review. Where there are two or more works by an author in the same year distinguish The European Convention on Human Rights - Other bibliographies - Cite This For Me. If there is no date of publication, provide the date you accessed it. You should give the volume of Hansard (either HL or HC, though notice that before 1909 the two Houses did not References to unreported judgments should give the applications number and then the court and the date of the judgment in brackets. Some tutors may use a Harvard style system rather than footnotes. The EHRR series is also numbered consecutivelybut from 2001 the case number has been used instead of page numbers. El-Masri v. The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, No. WebConvention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights, as amended) (ECHR) art 2. Items in the Bibliography should be ordered alphabetically by author and, when there is more than one pinpointing is not used andthere is no full stop at the end of the reference. Before examples are given, some general rules should be mentioned: When referencing an identical authority to one already referenced you may briefly identify the sources and provide a cross-citation in brackets directing the reader to the number of the corresponding footnote. Passages taken from the work of others must be suitably acknowledged with the use of speech marks and a clear Kurt v. Turkey, Appl. Copyright 2003 - 2023 - UKEssays is a trading name of Business Bliss Consultants FZE, a company registered in United Arab Emirates. Order the list by year then Use an accepted abbreviated form of the title where available; you can search by title on the Cardiff site. not give the address of the item(s) from the database. liberalisation (2006) 69 (1) MLR 92-107. Council Regulation (EC) 1984/2003 of 8 April 2003 introducing a system for the statistical monitoring of It rules on and other sources you have consulted or used. Estes exemplos podem conter palavras coloquiais baseadas nas suas pesquisas. References should be given in the following style. Save all your references in one place or folder. 111, Judgment of 18 December 1986. LRC 108-2013, Dublin: Law Reform Commission. European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) cases. when a case is not reported in the law reports. used on at least one occasion when the judgment is cited in a later judgment. Part 1 of the Convention, together https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/sites/files/oxlaw/oscola_2006_citing_international_law.pdf: My partner is letting her friend sleep in her bed, am I overeacting? References and quotes reflect your research and indicate the depth of reading you have undertaken. prevention of crime. responsibility in appropriate cases to override the views of both the child and the parent in determining Find references and sources that help you make your case. Omissions from the quoted text are indicated by three stops ( ), as in the example given above. 2004), S Lloyd-Bostock (ed), Psychology in legal contexts (London, Palgrave Macmillan 1981). 39, 6 November 1980. Animal Defenders International v United Kingdom App no 48876/08 (ECtHR, 22 April 2013). for the particular reference. Ltd and others (No 3) Mainstream CIA The world factbook [online] (2008) eBook from Bartleby. OBG Ltd and another v Allan and others Douglas and others v Hello! OSCOLA. If you are looking for our OSCOLA Reference Generator then click on the button below: Under the OSCOLA guidelines, each authority should be cited in a consistent, uniform manner. Enter the first page that wish to reference. European Court of Justice Reports Thus: G H Treitel The law of contract (12th ed London, Sweet and Maxwell 1995). Abbing, Roscam; Gevers, Jan; Hondius, Ewoud and Hubben, J (2005). Daly, A. Il propose des spectacles sur des thmes divers : le vih sida, la culture scientifique, lastronomie, la tradition orale du Languedoc et les corbires, lalchimie et la sorcellerie, la viticulture, la chanson franaise, le cirque, les saltimbanques, la rue, lart campanaire, lart nouveau. Choice between SOAS UNIVERSITY OF LONDON AND QUEEN MARY UNIVERSITY, LONDON, (Law) Misrepresentation: Difference between negligent & fraudulent misrepresentation, OCR A Level Law Paper 2 The legal system and criminal Law H418/01 - 6 Jun 2022, AQA A Level Law Paper 2 7162/2 - 13 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat], OCR A Level Law making and the law of tort H418/02 - 13 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat]. WebA convention, originally formulated in 1950, aimed at protecting the human rights of all people in the member states of the Council of Europe. This should appear at the end of your assignment, starting on a Guide analyses and sums up the case-law on Article 12 of the European Convention on Human Rights (hereafter ^the Convention _ or ^the European Bibliography: Second name, first name initial - Smith, J. 1587 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[1576 50]/Info 1575 0 R/Length 83/Prev 361003/Root 1577 0 R/Size 1626/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Il sillonne le monde, la valise la main, la tte dans les toiles et les deux pieds sur terre, en se produisant dans les mdiathques, les festivals , les centres culturels, les thtres pour les enfants, les jeunes, les adultes. Give a list of statutes after your table of cases, starting on a new page. 8-11, In text citation (Eastern Health Board v McDonnell 1999), Eastern Health Board v McDonnell [1999] 1 IR 174 [Online] Available from Justis. No. [Accessed 3rd July 2013], In text citation (Law Reform Commission, 2013), Law Reform Commission (2013) Report on mandatory sentences. WebConvention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (European Convention on Human Rights, as amended) (ECHR) art 3 (b) Other regional treaties If your specific country is not listed, please select the UK version of the site, as this is best suited to international visitors. For more information and a brief and full pdf guide to the style visitLegalcitationofficial site. C McGlynn, Families, partnerships and law reform in the European Union: balancing disciplinarity and Case name should always be in italics both in-text and in the footnotes, but not in the bibliography, If you have actually said the full name of the case in the text, only the subsequent information is required in the footnote. Bring references into your essay in the way described Italicize the title of a UN document only if it has been published as a Statutes should be listed Statutory instruments require the name, year and the SI number. p]-. WebWhen citing materials not specifically mentioned in OSCOLA, use its general principles as a guide. 2011, 90 . Author | 'title' | (Website, date) | | accessed , Marilyn Stowe, 'Divorce petitions: then and now' (Marilyn Stowe, August 1 2016) http://www.marilynstowe.co.uk/2016/08/01/divorce-petitions-then-and-now/ accessed 3 August 2016, 'Europe rights official urges Turkey to heed rule of law' (BBC, 3 August 2016) < http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-36964857> accessed 3 August 2016, Author, | 'title' | newspaper | (City of publication, date of publication) | page number, - Robert Simmons, 'Protests held in Australia over the abuse of animals in Zoos' The Guardian (London, 4 November 2011) 22, Author, | 'title' | newspaper | (City of publication, date of publication) | , - Sarah Boseley, 'PrEP HIV drugs: fight for limited NHS funds takes unedifying turn' The Guardian (London, 3 August 2016) , We've received widespread press coverage since 2003, Your UKEssays purchase is secure and we're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. E. U. Are you allowed to take tracing paper into the Maths GCSE? Resultados: 1997356. Create Reference. Examples of citations illustrating all of the points above: Johnson v Ireland(1986) Series A no 122. No. WebCases (European Court of Human Rights) Names of Parties (Year Published) Volume # Law report abbreviation Page #. (1392) . cited as follows: European Court of Justice and Court of First Instance, Case 151/73 Ireland v Council [1974] 1 CMLR 429. what is in the childs best interests.. Provide the legislation between footnotes and bibliography entries is that your footnotes will where necessary specify the pages used that where a case has been reported in the official law reports published by the Incorporated Council of Law When you use information that is not your own words or ideas you need to reference it using the OSCOLA style. of the organisation, the title of the report and reference number if any, and the date in brackets. These are the sources and citations used to research The European WebHow to cite The European convention on human rights by William A. Schabas APA citation. Copyright The Student Room 2023 all rights reserved. to the suspect or to third parties, a relevant consideration is the public interest in the punishment and OSCOLA stands for Oxford University Standard for Citation Of Legal Authorities. Translate text from any application or website in just one click. (1389) 1 40-19. When citing judgments from the ECtHR useeitherthe official reports called theReports of Judgments and Decisions(cited as ECHR)ortheEuropean Human Rights Reports(EHRR)but be consistent. WebAnswer (1 of 3): The European Convention on Human Rights is an assembly of treaties. These two pieces of law are intended to work side by side. be aware that the Law Society and Bar Council requires all applicants for membership to declare whether they For now, you can tell the citation processor to cite an item as a treaty by adding this to Extra: Type: treaty. The referencing in the bibliography for all sources will be identical to the referencing in the footnotes, aside from one minor difference in the formatting of the authors name. The more dangerous the criminal to public safety, the more risks the police should be WebConvention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The UN Committee Against Torture is a body of independent experts that monitors implementation of the Convention against Torture and other torture related law. [Online] Available at: http://www.lawreform.ie/_fileupload/Reports/r108.pdf [Accessed 3rd July 2013], Citing information and avoiding plagiarism. List the cases alphabetically by name. Enviromental Protection Act 1990, schedule 2. Cases (European Court of Justice) Case prefix Case registration # Case Name [date] Report citation. Writing. WebGuide on Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights - Right to respect for private and family life: Publisher: Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights: have ever committed an act of plagiarism or cheating in any form of assessment and will require two referees The neutral citation will be the official number attributed to the judgment by the court and must always be The bibliography should include all secondary sources cited in the work in alphabetical order. the neutral citation will appear in front of the familiar citation from the law report series. Again, the source and page number must They also When listing journal articles, give authors initials, surname, the title in single inverted commas, year, The only differences arethatcase names are notitalicised,pinpointing is not used andthere is no full stop at the end of the reference. Thus: In cases involving injuries caused by the police in the course of apprehending suspects, whether the injury is . number. Formatted according to the APA Publication Manual 7 th edition. Before [2014] UKSC 38. from Oxford University. known as secondary referencing. Bozano v. France, Series A, No. Remember that this is NOT a European Union institution. Title: Referencing using OSCOLA Author: Fennell, Graham Created Date: Accurate quoting and referencing give credit both to you and to those whose work you have used. 2832/66, 2835/66 and 2899/66, Series A, No. You may choose to separate the legislation by jurisdiction. Please refer to your course handbook or In a Web6. 0 These should be listed in alphabetical order of the first significant word. The following guidelines give examples of the citation required in the footnote, so remember to make the required amendments to the author's name in the bibliography. Where there are two or more A traduo est demorando mais do que o normal. For 61603/00, ECHR 2005-V. Van der Leer v. the Netherlands, Series A, No. 20972/92, 16 December 1997. Maths & numeracy. Web Include both the formal and informal or shortened names of the treaty in the first reference to a treaty. You may cite the official reports, or the reports of judgments and decisions. TheEuropean Court of Human Rights (ECtHR)is an international court established in 1959 by theEuropean Convention on Human Rights. Registered office: Creative Tower, Fujairah, PO Box 4422, UAE. Ireland v UK App No 5310/71 (ECtHR, 25 January 1976). Assistant Professor of Law Department of Maybod University, 2 April 7, 2021. The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) is an international court established in 1959 by the European Convention on Human Rights. To list other materials (such as the reports of law reform bodies or government departments), give the name Cite a Bill by its title, the House in which it originated, the Parliamentary session in brackets, and the running number assigned to it. 1625 0 obj <>stream Steel v. the United Kingdom, Reports 1998-VII, 23 September 1998. ideas of someone, or are influenced by anothers work, you must acknowledge this. 13 (1), pp. by a colon. The European Commission is responsible for EU legislation and the European Court of Justice and the General Court is responsible for hearing EU cases. This ensures that there is a clear distinction between your own words and the words you are quoting. This guide offers guidance based on the Oxford Standard for In all cases indicate the court in brackets, e.g. 'Criminalising a broad range of marginally acceptable business conduct trivialises the criminal sanction and breeds contempt for it, at least among rational actors, which most white collar offenders are.23, 23 Michael E Tigar, 'It Does the Crime But Not the Time: Corporate Criminal Liability in Federal Law' (1990) Am. OSCOLA is based on the use of footnotes. (2010) Limited guidance: the provision of Guardian ad Litem services in Ireland. Legal sources such as cases and statues may be cited, along with secondary sources, for example, books and journals. Where possible cite the official reports, the European Court Reports (ECR). Deprivation of liberty has long been prevalent in all countries and in legal systems.International documents, however, while making provision to protect the interests of law-abiding society and citizens, have endeavored to enforce the terms and conditions of its proper and lawful implementation.Among these international documents, the European Convention on Human Rights has set out a legal system governing all forms of deprivation of liberty, and the European Court of Human Rights has specified in its judgments the rules and procedures for its application.According to this legal system, the right to liberty is one of the basic and basic human rights that all individuals enjoy, and any deprivation of liberty by individuals as a violation of this fundamental right is against the principle and must be considered as exceptional and necessary. The Law Reports, the Weekly Law OSCOLA is the referencing style used on law programmes at the University of Salford. These should be ordered in alphabetical order by the first significant word of the title. quotation from someones work this should be referred to accurately. Updated January 2021 European Convention on Human Rights 1950 *P.L. If you have referred to European cases, list them after the UK cases in a separate list. The UCD School of Law uses OSCOLA Ireland - an adapted variation of OSCOLA. though you do not quote directly the words used from the source. 39630/09, ECHR 2012. The Student Room and The Uni Guide are trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. WebThese include The European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and the European Convention on Human Rights. See the OSCOLA full manual section 2.6. Thus, In Re W (a minor) (medical treatment) (1992) , Nolan LJ asserted that a court has the power and the Thus: As Professor Atiyah argued, tort law needs to be reformed . When referencing a case as authority, you must give the full name of the case along with its neutral citation. It is important, therefore, to make a careful note of your sources of information as you are doing your European Commission competition decisions, European Commission Merger Task-Force/ Competition Directorate, Alcatel/Telettra (Case IV/M042) Commission Decision 91/251/EEC [1991] OJ L122/48. If you refer to someones work as reported in another source, you refer to the source you have read- this is WebDeprivation of liberty has long been prevalent in all countries and in legal systems.International documents, however, while making provision to protect the interests of law-abiding society and citizens, have endeavored to enforce the terms and conditions of its proper and lawful implementation.Among these international documents, the European In the example below, the citation was used in the 4th footnote, therefore the subsequent citation directs the reader to that footnote. If you are quoting an electronic book from an eBook database, give: author(s) or editor(s), title, (date), [online], edition (if not the first), eBook from name of database, reference to the source. What happens if you bring a voice recorder to court? endstream endobj startxref The different categories of sources are cited in different formats. Just ensure to be consistent with your approach. (HL) for House of Lords, (QB) for Queens Bench. If you are citing, adopting or criticising anothers point or argument that too should be acknowledged, even Ashingdane v. the United Kingdom, Appl. Witold Litwa v. Poland, Application No. (Oxford University Press 1990). In the text, a number in superscript 1 is added at the end of a sentence and after the punctuation. The paragraph number must be the Storck v. Germany, No. Simply copy it to the suspect or to third parties, a relevant consideration is the public interest in the punishment and Legal sources such as cases and statues may be cited, along with secondary sources, for example, books and journals. Restrictions, and in these necessary cases, the deprivation of liberty of persons must be in accordance with the provisions of the Convention as well as the domestic law of the Member States. [1982] AC 566. No plagiarism, guaranteed! No 8225/78, 28 May 1985. the Universitys Assessment Regulations, is regarded as cheating (whether intentional or not), and normally will If an ECR report is unavailable, Neville states that The Oxford University Commonwealth Law Journal was involved in developing the OSCOLA referencing system. extremely reluctant to hire people who have been found guilty of acts of dishonesty. Irish Journal of Family Law. 27207/95, 23 May 2001. Thus: If you need to refer to EC legislation, do so in a list after the Table of Statutes. 2013-2022 Reverso Technologies Inc. Todos os direitos reservados. 1576 0 obj <> endobj The years of cases could be in either round or square brackets according to the style of the law report, use the corresponding style. %%EOF If you need more information on APA citations check out our APA citation guide or start citing with the BibguruAPA citation generator. WebCite either the official reports, the Reports of Judgments and Decisions (cited as ECHR) or the European Human Rights Reports (EHRR), but be consistent in your practice. 11 and 14: Publisher: Council of Europe: Publication Date: Eles no so selecionados ou validados por ns e podem conter linguagem inapropriada. Save all your references in one place or folder. Estes exemplos podem conter palavras rudes baseadas nas suas pesquisas. Case Prefix: Case C for ECJ or Case T for GC. This means that the Convention exists in several versions depending on which treaties Check all your references against examples in your course handbook before you submit your essay. The partnership agreement contains a number of references to, She rightly points out that penalties should be in compliance with, Como muito justamente o observa a relatora, essas sanes devem ser aplicadas ao abrigo, We will passionately defend our membership of, Vamos defender apaixonadamente a nossa adeso, An alternative solution such as EU accession to, Uma soluo alternativa como seria a adeso da Unio Europeia , Ser que o aborto um direito humano sob. them by date and letter (e.g. Partridge v Crittenden [1968] 1 WLR 1204 [1]-[37]. entitled to take. V=L+ the second best report is usually the Common Market Law Reports (CMLR). The Essay Writing ExpertsUK Essay Experts. WebEuropean Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, as amended by Protocols Nos. WebThe European Convention on Human Rights and cases from the European Court of Human Rights Back to top Cite Them Right Harvard In-text citations and full references Substantial quotations (of three lines or more) should be single spaced, indented from the margin and preceded Thus: Smith v European cases are Here you can choose which regional hub you wish to view, providing you with the most relevant information we have for your specific region. 254-255, Shorter quotations within the text must be enclosed in quotation marks. WebCreate an OSCOLA Reference for the European Court of Human Rights. If you are referencing an exact paragraph/passage of the judgement, a pinpoint reference to the relevant part in the judgment should follow the citation. E quando est em causa a liberdade de uma pessoa, It must be comprehensively ensured that investigations are lawful and legitimate in accordance with, A legalidade e legitimidade das investigaes em consonncia com, Such a practice is in breach of established international conventions such as, Esta prtica viola as convenes internacionais consagradas, tais como, Implement all reforms concerning freedom of association and peaceful assembly in accordance with, Executar todas as reformas relativas liberdade de associao e de reunio pacfica em conformidade com, The judges decided unanimously that a cross at school breaks, Os juzes decidiram unanimemente que a existncia de cruzes nas escolas viola, Apesar de ser uma violao dos direitos consagrados, The directive introduces into Community law the applicable provisions of, A directiva introduz, no Direito comunitrio, disposies aplicveis da.