which statement is true regarding the models of abnormality? which statement is true regarding the models of abnormality?

The defense mechanism that BEST explains his behavior is: The antenna-like extensions located at one end of the neuron are called: A therapist identifies a biological factor in a patient with depression. c. at one time what is now often labeled abnormal behavior actually helped humans survive. It influences blood pressure, thirst, contractions of the uterus during childbirth, milk production, sexual behavior and interest, body growth, the amount of water in the bodys cells, and other functions as well. Postconditioning, or after learning has occurred, establishes a new and not naturally occurring relationship of a conditioned stimulus (CS; previously the NS) and conditioned response (CR; the same response). c. people are driven to self-actualize. d. psychoanalytic therapy. b. ethnographic studies. c. The client is operantly conditioned to associate sobriety with happiness. 58. This form of learning is called: a. shaping. b. axons. The MOST likely consequence of having acquired conditions of worth is: a. social isolation. You immediately focus all of your energy on the financial implications of your partner's departure and ways to save money. Right? d. show unconditional positive regard for the clients statements. c. denial. A therapist who describes her client as someone who has yet to fulfill his or her full potential, rather than as someone with a disorder, is MOST likely what kind of theorist? How so? Observational learning is learning by watching others and modeling techniques change behavior by having subjects observe a model in a situation that usually causes them some anxiety. This should sound much like what you just read about in terms of Thorndikes work. b. modeling. They might go through reuptake, which is the process of the presynaptic neuron taking up excess neurotransmitters in the synaptic space for future use or enzymatic degradation when enzymes destroy excess neurotransmitters in the synaptic space. Schemas and cognitive errors. a. losing the dog b. having the dream over and over c. feeling panicked in the dream d. feeling stress about her mothers illness. 78. We all have two copies of each gene, one inherited from our mother and one from our father. Breuer made daily visits and allowed her to share stories from her private theater, which she came to call talking cure or chimney sweeping. Many of the stories she shared were actually thoughts or events she found troubling and reliving them helped to relieve or eliminate the symptoms. How so? As noted earlier, the idea of people being machines, called mechanism, was a key feature of behaviorism and other schools of thought in psychology until about the 1960s or 1970s. By seeing the model interact nicely with the fear evoking stimulus, their fear should subside. Right before his death, Skinner (1990) reminded psychologists that the only thing we can truly know and study was the observable. Interestingly, younger adults are more likely to develop SAD than older adults. b. cognitive-behavioral All of the following are leading kinds of biological treatments used today EXCEPT: a. drug therapy. If you recognize your worth as a person, Carl Rogers would say that you have developed: In the 1960s and 1970s, social upheaval and soul-searching in Western society gave rise to humanistic and existential therapies. d. A girl is anxious about giving a speech in front of her class. Borderline personality disorder has also been found to be higher in people in low-income brackets (Tomko et al., 2012) and group differences for personality disorders have been found between African and European Americans (Ryder, Sunohara, and Kirmayer, 2015). 84. The behavioral model concerns the cognitive process of learning, which is any relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience and practice and has two main forms associative learning to include classical and operant conditioning and observational learning. Simply, she placed the child in one end of a room and then brought in the rabbit. Someone who studies the _____ model of abnormality focuses on how values and choices affect behavior. According to Freuds psychodynamic theory, at birth the child is in the: a. oral stage. The _____ model proposes that humans must have an accurate self-awareness and live meaningful lives to be psychologically well adjusted. If a behavior is not memorable, it will not be imitated. According to Freud, another term for the symbolic meaning of dreams is: a. positive transference. c. depression. This is an example of behavior modification using: With mindfulness-based therapy techniques, clients would MOST likely be encouraged to: let their thoughts flow, without judgment. More specifically, cognitive distortions/maladaptive cognitions can take the following forms: 2.3.3.5. Once in the brain, it is processed and interpreted. Each paradigm focuses mainly on one aspect of human functioning. The paradigms are sometimes in conflict. Supporters of the medical model consequently consider symptoms to be outward signs of the inner physical disorder and believe that if symptoms are grouped together and classified into . e. Models of abnormality are general hypotheses as to the nature of psychological abnormalities. Clarify how socioeconomic factors affect mental illness. 155. Module Overview. d. case studies. If this is true, how can we know anything about controversial matters? Mental illness itself occurs from the interaction of multiple genes and other factorssuch as stress, abuse, or a traumatic eventwhich can influence, or trigger, an illness in a person who has an inherited susceptibility to it (https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-causes-mental-illness#1). 134. Todays techniques are much more sophisticated and have been used to treat schizophrenia, depression, and some personality and anxiety disorders. What about other students in the class that you know? Racial, ethnic, and cultural factors are also relevant to understanding the development and course of mental illness. b. multicultural. A person engages in multiple online discussions with a large number of friends on Facebook. c. psychosurgery. That is the idea, at least. It is difficult to research this perspective. d. The client is classically conditioned to associate drinking with the negative experience of vomiting. Psychology Today published a great article on January 21, 2013, which described four ways to change your thinking through cognitive restructuring. In order to prevent anxiety in the future, it is common practice to expose someone to stressful situations. What treatments are available to clinicians courtesy of the biological model of psychopathology? In fact, behaviorism said psychology was to be the study of observable behavior. 71. d. people can inherit physical but not mental capacities. a. to lessen the power of thoughts b. to stop the client from comparing himself or herself to others c. to decrease internal negative self-talk d. to increase awareness of why the client behaves a certain way. a. c. alter illogical thinking patterns and reduce avoidance behaviors. The perspective is overly precise. Humanists and existentialists both agree that: a. psychological dysfunction is caused by self-deception. Western society was in turmoil in the 1960s and 1970s, which led to the rise of humanistic and existential therapies. Which statement about paradigms is FALSE? b. Least difficult situations are handled first, followed by more difficult situations, all while rehearsing and mastering all the situations present in the hierarchy. Next, a fear hierarchy, or list of feared objects and situations, is constructed in which the individual moves from least to most feared. The fundamental unit of the nervous system is the neuron, or nerve cell (See Figure 2.3). Or, they are easily distracted and sits in the back so that all stimuli are in front of him/her. All of the models include an element of the biological model. Source: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/index.shtml. 28. 55. Some commonly used strategies include cognitive restructuring, cognitive coping skills training, and acceptance techniques. Its a simple strategy, but an important one. However, she went to the restroom to change instead. There is not a leader, and everyone is equal. A therapist who believes people often hide from their responsibilities and therefore often feel alienated, depressed, and inauthentic would MOST likely be described as: The proper conclusion from research studies that show a relationship between devout religious people who see God as warm and caring and psychological health is that: people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier. The actual code passes from one neuron to another in a chemical form called a neurotransmitter. c. Two-thirds of treated couples achieve marital satisfaction by the end of therapy. She is constantly looking to friends and family members for help with these decisions and gets anxious when she has to decide alone. What is the problem with a uni-dimensional model of psychopathology? 47. The so-called new wave of cognitive therapy differs from traditional cognitive therapy in that it emphasizes: A goal of behavior-focused therapy is to: replace problematic behaviors with more appropriate ones. 2.3.4.3. These words have no affective connotation to them, meaning they do not imply good or bad. Biological psychologists or neuropsychologists treat the underlying problems in the. The sociocultural model of abnormality focuses on all of these factors EXCEPT: Greshka spilled iced coffee on her shirt while sitting in the park. Resistance and transference are terms most likely used by which model? There are two main ways they can present themselves. Understanding a person's unconscious processes is critical in explaining abnormality. Antidepressants are used to treat depression, but also anxiety, insomnia, and pain. The part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and cannot express our impulses is the: a. id. If a therapist advised you to pay attention to how you were communicating with family members and to change harmful patterns, the therapist would MOST likely be practicing: a. couple therapy. Which model is MOST likely to predict that transference will occur during therapy? d. fixation. What is this therapy? What form of psychotherapy is ChaeWoo receiving? They add, Oftentimes someone being treated with CBT will have homework in between sessions where they practice replacing negative thoughts with more realistic thoughts based on prior experiences or record their negative thoughts in a journal. For more on CBT, visit: https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Psychotherapy. Evaluate the usefulness of humanistic and existential perspectives. It leads us to adopt our parents values as we come to realize that many of the ids impulses are unacceptable. Anne has distant parents, failing grades, and insufficient funds for basic necessities and also develops depression. Next, the children are placed in a room with several toys in it. c. Its use is controversial because it requires surgical implantation of electrodes. In terms of the latter, some symbols are linked to the person specifically, while others are common to all people. In terms of distinctive structures, these focus on the ability of a neuron to send and receive information. 70. In terms of the biological model, neurotransmitters, brain structures, hormones, genes, and viral infections were identified as potential causes of mental illness and three treatment options were given. 79. The defense mechanism that BEST explains your behavior is: a. denial. d. humanistic. b. Ashley is a pole-vaulter ready to go for her event. Banduras Classic Experiment.