[7], Ethiopia's estimated livestock population is often said to be the largest in Africa. As the economy grows and the population expands, consumer demand for certain types of foods is expected to increase. Hence, fewer people send their cattle in transhumance.[29]. Download. For instance, in the case of seed, the current varieties are more than 20 years old and are degraded. [7], Cattle in Ethiopia are almost entirely of the zebu type and are poor sources of milk and meat. The Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA) is responsible for the statistical data generation related to the socio-economic condition of the country. Agriculture >. The challenges and prospects of Ethiopian agriculture Three factors contributed to the decline in the relative importance of pulses and oilseeds. To evaluate the genetic diversity of Ethiopian potato cultivars, and to assess their relationship with germplasm from North America, Europe and the International Potato Center (CIP), 8303 SNP markers were used to characterize 44 local Ethiopian cultivars, as well as . Major Rivers of Ethiopia | Ethiopia About Ethiopia - EthioVisit.com During Derg rule, veterinary stations were opened at Bahir Dar, Bedele, and Bishoftu to provide treatment and vaccination services. This growth is expected to create investment and trade opportunities for certain commodities and open doors for veterinary and other livestock services. Some informal trade is most likely occurring in production areas located along borders. To promote commercial-scale farming, the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) created the Ethiopian Agricultural Land and Investment Administration Agency dedicated to overseeing any new large-scale commercial farm deals. The MOA is supporting the development of the countrys livestock sector, which is one of the largest in Africa. Yet, information regarding its extent, distribution, causes, and lime requirement at a scale relevant to subsistence farming systems is still lacking. There may also be future opportunities for equipment and systems to process these commodities. Livestock and Livestock Characteristics(Private Peasant Holdings) 2020/ Grain is an essential part of the Ethiopian diet. The ten-year plan called for an increase in the size of state farms producing coffee from 14,000 to 15,000 hectares to 50,000 hectares by 1994. Potential niche market for wheat and soybean exports. Ensete flour constitutes the staple food of the local people. These types of soils are found in much of the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region (SNNPR). State farms sold their output to the AMC. Ethiopia is also Africa's second biggest maize producer. An estimated 85 percent of the population are engaged in agricultural production. The government and the international community are working together to address many of these challenges. [9], The population in the lowland peripheries (below 1,500 meters) is nomadic, engaged mainly in livestock raising. Supply and demand characteristics 2 2.3. Public Communication Directorate Tel: +251-116-454441 Fax:+251-116-461294/465412 E-Mail:[email protected] P.O.Box: 2003 Addis Ababa Ethiopia , Designed & Developed By Yonas T/birhan During the 1970s, coffee exports accounted for 50-60% of the total value of all exports, although coffee's share dropped to 25% as a result of the economic dislocation following the 1974 revolution. Agron., 16: 180-195. . Commercial Imports from the United States, Source: USDA/Foreign Agriculture Service, Addis Ababa, (Total market size = (total local production + imports) - exports). Veterinary Drug and Animal Feed Administration & Control Authority (VDAFACA), NationalAnimalHealthDiagnosticand InvestigationCenter(NAHDIC), Ethiopia Agricultural Business Corporation (EABC), International Trade Administration In the case of the textile and apparel sector, a shortage of locally-produced cotton suggests a need for cotton imports, including from the United States. The GOE encourages investments in meat processing, especially those that are focused on exporting value-added products abroad. Potential opportunities exist for sales of U.S. livestock genetics and chicken meat. It is cultivated principally by the Gurage, Sidama, and several other ethnic groups in the region. [7], The plains and low foothills west of the highlands have sandy and gray-to-black clay soils. Such wide price variations created food shortages because farmers as well as private merchants withheld crops to sell on the black market at higher prices.[7]. This study (1) investigates the extent and spatial distribution of soil acidity . Explain The Main Contribution, Potentials, Characteristics, and Common vegetables include onions, peppers, squash, and a cabbage similar to kale. First, the recurring droughts had devastated the country's main areas where pulses and oilseeds were grown. [7] In EFY 20072008, the CSA reported that 17,827,387.94 quintals of pulses were produced on 1,517,661.93 hectares, an increase from the 15,786,215.3 quintals produced on 1,379,045.77 hectares. For instance, according to the World Bank between 1980 and 1987 agricultural production dropped at an annual rate of 2.1 percent, while the population grew at an annual rate of 2.4 percent. Kassaye Tolassa . The General Characteristics of Ethiopia - GradesFixer Industrial Parks Development Corporation (IPDC), Textile Industry Development Institute (ETIDI), Ethiopian Cotton Producer, Ginners, and Exporters Association (ECPGEA). [7], Before the Ethiopian Revolution, pulses and oilseeds played an important role, second only to coffee, in the country's exports. D. espite the countr. The MPP included credit for the purchase of items such as fertilizers, improved seeds, and pesticides; innovative extension services; the establishment of cooperatives; and the provision of infrastructure, mainly water supply and all-weather roads. After the 1975 land reform, peasants began withholding grain from the market to drive up prices because government price-control measures had created shortages of consumer items. Since the revolution, most commercial cotton has been grown on irrigated state farms, mostly in the Awash Valley area. [19][20], Sorghum, millet, and corn are cultivated mostly in warmer areas at lower altitudes along the country's western, southwestern, and eastern peripheries. [12], In addition to smaller productions of other agricultural products.[13]. The Blue Nile from Ethiopia originating form Lake Tana and the White Nile that originated form Lake Victoria merge into the Great Nile River at Khartoum, the Sudan capital to form the longest river of the world draining to the Mediterranean Sea.The Blue Nile Falls is one . Phenotypic Characterization and Reproductive Performance of Blackhead This can be attributed to two factors. Private . Agriculture accounts for 36% percent of the nation's Gross domestic Product (GDP) as of 2020. Investments in cotton production, as well as any other agricultural commodity, require considerable due diligence because of a variety of complicated issues, including landownership rights and the potential for conflict. According to the World Bank, agricultural production increased at an average annual rate of 2.1 percent between 1965 and 1973, while population increased at an average annual rate of 2.6 percent during the same period. The government mobilized farmers and organized "food for work" projects to build terraces and plant trees. Corn is grown chiefly between elevations of 1,500 and 2,200 meters and requires large amounts of rainfall to ensure good harvests. PDF Crop Production in Ethiopia: Reginal Patterns and Trends These soils are found in both the northern and the southern highlands in areas with poor drainage. 2. Opportunities also exist for agricultural inputs and systems used to grow and process cotton into textile and apparel. Characteristics of agricultural landscape features and local soil fertility management practices in Northwestern Amhara, Ethiopia. In fact, Ethiopia recently started importing chicken meat from Ukraine and Brazil. As the textile and apparel industry grows, there will likely be more opportunities for U.S. cotton sales. These programs should also result in Ethiopia getting to middle income status by 2025. One way the government is hoping to improve cotton yields is with Genetically Engineered (GE) cotton. The contributions of agriculture in Ethiopia. Young herders take their text books of the upcoming school year to the grazing grounds. The third most important oilseed is sesame, which grows at elevations from sea level to about 1,500 meters. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Accordingly, state farms received a large share of the country's resources for agriculture; from 1982 to 1990, this totaled about 43% of the government's agricultural investment. The contribution of agriculture to growth in the manufacturing and services sectors was not significant between 1978 and 1998. In Ethiopia 95% of the total area is cultivated by smallholder farmers and contribute 90% of the total agricultural output. A potential exists for self-sufficiency in grains and for export development in livestock, grains, vegetables, and fruits. Foreign Direct Investment Attraction Events, Services for U.S. Companies New to Exporting, Services for U.S. Companies Currently Exporting, Leading Sectors for US Exports & Investments, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Licensing Requirements for Professional Services, Improve income and livelihood options for farming and pastoral communities through increased productivity and competitiveness, Raise export of agricultural output and substitute imports, Make agriculture a viable and profitable enterprise through value addition, Enhance livestock health access and quality, Preserve animal genetic resources and increase pastoral research, Improve the development of animal feed and access to markets, Develop livestock specific extension package for each livestock type. <i>Objective</i>. Exports are almost entirely agricultural commodities, and coffee is the largest foreign exchange earner. It accounts for nearly 80% of the land under cultivation and employs 60% of the rural workforce, most of which work on less than one hectare of land. In Ethiopia's lowlands, for example, the presence of malaria kept farmers from settling in many areas. [7], President Mengistu's 1990 decision to allow free movement of goods, to lift price controls, and to provide farmers with security of tenure was designed to reverse the decline in Ethiopia's agricultural sector. Niger seed is found mostly in the northern and central highlands at elevations between 1,800 and 2,500 meters. In this regard, the CSA conducts, produces, disseminates and administers data generated from surveys and censuses in Ethiopia. [24] As Ethiopia increasingly experiences the effects of climate change, drought, and desertification, experts predict that "Ethiopia will have to open its markets to grain imports in order to keep up with the growing demand for meat, milk, and eggs.". However, information is lacking in Wolaita, Southern Ethiopia. The sector is dominated by small scale farmers that - Course Hero Almost all farming tools in Ethiopia are traditional and made from different types of wood. Potato is an increasingly important crop in Ethiopia, but the origin of local cultivars grown throughout the country is unknown. Grain yields are relatively low due to the countrys rugged topography, poor land management, small-scale landholdings, irregular rainfall, limited mechanization, and insufficient supplies of fertilizer and improved seed. Excluding the Afar and Somali Regions, there were approximately 47.5 million cattle, 26.1 million sheep, 21.7 million goats, 2.1 million horses and mules, 5.6 million donkeys, 1 million camels, and 39.6 million poultry. In addition to its domestic use, sesame is also the principal export oilseed. Agriculture, which constituted 46 percent of GDP and more than 80 percent of exports, is by far the most important economic activity in the Ethiopian economy. A major subsistence crop, barley is used as food and in the production of tella, a locally produced beer. [25], Both the imperial and the Marxist governments tried to improve livestock production by instituting programs such as free vaccination, well-digging, construction of feeder roads, and improvement of pastureland, largely through international organizations such as the World Bank and the African Development Bank. Please see below a summary of agricultural focus areas and objectives laid out in Ethiopias ten-year economic development plan (2021-2030). Among the top priorities identified by the GOE include: small and large-scale irrigation development, financing agricultural inputs, increasing productivity of crops and livestock, improving agricultural production methods using mechanization, post-harvest loss reduction, developing a research-based food security system, and natural resource management. After 1975 the revolutionary government used peasant associations to accelerate conservation work throughout rural areas. That is why per hectare yield of crop is . Ethiopia's development plan has laid out enhancing agricultural production and productivity as one of the . Source: Source: USDA/Foreign Agriculture Service, Addis Ababa, Total Market Size = (Total Local Production + Total Imports) (Total Exports). By 1974 the Ministry of Agriculture's Extension and Project Implementation Department had more than twenty-eight areas with more than 200 extension and marketing centers. Nevertheless, Ethiopia's manufacturing sector is still far from being the engine of growth and structural change. Households spend an average of 40% of their total food budget on cereals. fruit crops, stimulant crops and sugar cane are cultivated by farmers and other agricultural sectors in Ethiopia. In addition, it is hoped that the number of key crops are doubled from 18.1m metric to 39.5m metric tonnes. NEED FOR A SPECIFIC TREATMENT OF AGRICULTURE . The Ministry of Agriculture (MoA) is the Ethiopian government ministry which oversees the agricultural and rural development policies of Ethiopia on a Federal level. Agriculture is defined as the purposeful tending of animals and plants.It provides: basic food supplies for the population; raw materials like cotton, sugar cane, oil seeds, etc. Agriculture accounts for most of (30- 42%) of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country. Contribution of Agriculture in The Ethiopian Economy: a Time-varying Fresh fruits, including citrus and bananas, as well as fresh and frozen vegetables, became important export items, but their profitability was marginal. Citation: Kehali Jembere, Tekalign Mamo and Kibebew Kibret, 2017. When you select "Accept all cookies," you're agreeing to let your browser store that data on your device so that we can provide you with a better, more relevant experience. A 1979 study showed that around Addis Ababa individual holdings ranged from 1.0 to 1.6 hectares and that about 48 percent of the parcels were less than one-fourth of a hectare in size. Agricultural inputs, seeds, machinery and equipment used in cotton production. [14], The most important cash crop in Ethiopia was coffee. More background information on the cotton situation in Ethiopia can be found in our cotton report from 2019/20. In particular, demand for cooking oil, sugar, meat, eggs, dairy products, wheat-based products, such as pasta and bread, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, are forecast to climb upward. Area, Production and Farm Management Practices (Private Peasant Holdings, Belg Season) 2020/2021 (2013 E.C.) The country intends to be a middle-income economy by 2025. major pulse crops grown in the country are chickpea, haricot beans, lentils, fababean and peas, The Ethiopian Orthodox Church traditionally has forbidden consumption of animal fats on many days of the year. Agriculture dominates the Ethiopian economy, accounting for about 50 percent of its GDP and 82 percent of its employment. [2][3][4] Many other economic activities depend on agriculture, including marketing, processing, and export of agricultural products. There are two predominant soil types in the highlands. Some of these products, especially the textiles, apparel, leather goods, and finished meat products are targeted for export markets in order to generate foreign exchange. The Government of Ethiopia (GOE) has embarked on a ten-year economic development plan (2021-2030) where agriculture is on the top of priority sectors. Some estimates indicated that yields on peasant farms were higher than those on state farms. Title. The expected growth from these agriculture-related industries offers numerous opportunities for agricultural input sales, such as tractors and harvesters, farm trucks, fertilizer, irrigation equipment, grain handling systems, food and livestock processing equipment, as well as cold storage facilities.