The White Lotus continued to be active, and it might have influenced the next major domestic rebellion, the Eight Trigrams Uprising of 1813. 11-07-2011 03:30:12 ZULU. [1] A smaller precursor to the main rebellion broke out in 1774, under the leadership of the martial-arts and herbal-healing expert Wang Lun in Shandong province of northern China. Dream Homes of Texas on Instagram: "POV: Your Brand New Ultra-Luxury Build in Frisco, Texas by the prestigious @monaco_pinnacle Follow @americas_realtor fore more luxury" ." Omissions? But as oue leader fell or was captured, another replaced him, and as the rebellion was extinguished in one place, it blazed out in another. Then a turn of fortune and successive victories of the imperialists would almost annihilate their armies and crush all their hopes. The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (11271279). This rebellion was less successful than that of the Red Turbans, and the Qing government succeeded in crushing this uprising. By 1804 the area was again placed under imperial control by the local militia. The White Lotus Rebellion - Home If mathematical, chemical, physical and other formulas are not displayed correctly on this page, please useFirefox or Safari, For the 14th-century rebellion also related to the White Lotus, see, Conscientious objection to military taxation, List of historical acts of tax resistance, National War Tax Resistance Coordinating Committee, The Cold War and the Income Tax: A Protest, Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty, Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet, Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory, Banknotes of the Ta-Ching Government Bank, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Here, the White Lotus led impoverished settlers into rebellion, promising personal salvation in return for their loyalty. Talking about Yuan's decline and fall, you should learn something about White Lotus Society. Due to their brutality, the Qing troops were soon nicknamed the "Red Lotus" Society. Surprisingly, the ill-organized rebels managed to defeat the inadequate and inefficient Qing imperial forces. Administrators also seized and destroyed sectarian scriptures which were used by the religious groups. A smaller precursor to the main rebellion broke out in 1774, under the leadership of the martial-arts and herbal-healing expert Wang Lun in Shandong province of northern China. By 1387, after more than thirty years of war, their leader, Zhu Yuanzhang had liberated all of China. . The History of White Lotus Rebellion - Tibetan Buddhist Encyclopedia Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [6] The term was only used by the millenarian rebels under intense pressure during government interrogations. This signaled the beginning of the end for the Qing dynasty. #ga-ad {display: none;} The White Lotus led impoverished settlers into rebellion, promising personal salvation in return for their loyalty. 10 New Religions That Were Mercilessly Crushed - Listverse Szczepanski, Kallie. Ch'ien-lung (1711-1799) was the fourth emperor of the Ch'ing, or Manchu, dynasty in China. The White Lotus bands mainly used guerrilla tactics, and once they disbanded, they were virtually indistinguishable from the local population. This Liu Chi-hieh set up a youth named Wang Fa-sheng, whom he represented to be a member of the Chu family and a descendant of the Ming emperors, as the rightful sovereign of the people. The White Lotus Rebellion White Lotus (Pai-lien chiao) sectarianism appealed to Chinese, most notably to women and to the poor, who found solace in worship of the Eternal Mother who was to gather all her children at the millennium into one family. READ: Economic and Material Causes of Revolt - Khan Academy Motivated by millenarian Buddhists who promised the immediate return of the Buddha, it erupted out of social and economic discontent in the impoverished provinces of Hubei, Shaanxi, and Sichuan (including modern Sichuan and Chongqing). Ordinary Han Chinese felt little loyalty to the Qing rulers, who still presented themselves as conquering Manchus from the north. One Qing response was to suppress the word "revolution" by banning it from their world-history textbooks. The White Lotus bands mainly used guerrilla tactics, and once they disbanded, they were virtually indistinguishable from the local population. It took almost ten years and huge financial waste to defeat the badly equipped White Lotus Rebellion (1795-1804), partly by legitimizing militias led by local Hn Chinese elites. The elites' self-proclaimed position as outsiders contributed to their eventual demise. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. List of battleships of the United States Navy, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, http://www.scribd.com/doc/37359117/Bodycount-Final, http://books.google.com/books?id=Md801mHEeOkC&pg=PA9, History of Chinese Culture on History.com. The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (1127-1279). Throughout the 1820s and 1830s, the area of the boundary between Henan and Anhui was perpetually plagued by White Lotus revolts, the White Lotus rebels were frequently in league with the area's brigands and salt smugglers. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. The group later reemerged in the late 18th century in the form of an inspired Chinese movement. White Lotus Rebellion, Chinese anti-Manchu uprising that occurred during the Ch'ing dynasty. Beginning as tax protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many ordinary people. The White Lotus rebellion began when large groups of Chinese rioted in 1794. Beginning as enslavement protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many citizens. "The Fall of China's Qing Dynasty in 19111912." While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. What started as a local rebellion grew into a serious political crisis, as the central government was no longer able to operate its military machine. (2020, August 27). It broke out (1796) among impoverished settlers in the mountainous region that separates Sichuan prov. [8] The leader, herbalist and martial artist Wang Lun, led an uprising that captured three small cities and laid siege to the larger city of Linqing, a strategic location on the north-south Grand Canal transportation route. The White Lotus rebellion was an eight year uprising that led to the downfall of the Qing dynasty. At first the Ch'ing administration, under the control of Ho-shen, sent inadequate and inefficient imperial forces to suppress the ill-organized rebels. This humiliation showed all of China's subjects, neighbors, and tributaries that the once-mighty China was now weak and vulnerable. id White Lotus Rebellion 1796-1804 - globalsecurity.org //]]>. Encyclopedia.com. They are not like some external tribe . 12 talking about this. His rule covered a span of 63 years, a reign lo, Kublai Khan Althongh there were several risings against the Manchu dynasty during the first four reigns, the White Lotus Society kept quiet until about 1761, when the Emperor Kien-lung issued an edict against it and the Ming Tsuen or Illustrious Worthies and the Pah Yun or White Cloud sects. Chien-lung The Cult of the White Lotus, a secret revolutionary society, has once again become popular among the common people. White Lotus | Chinese cult | Britannica "[5] Strong rebel leaders began to have major impacts on the ability of the Qing to rule. Eventually, the rebellion was crushed by the Qing elites; but the White Lotus organization remained secret and intact, and advocated for the overthrow of the Qing dynasty. In its last stage, the Qing suppression policy combined the pursuit and extermination of rebel guerrilla bands with a program of amnesty for deserters. . He declared that to prevent the capture of the young prince when a child, he had fled with him and concealed him beyond the borders of China. Bailianjiao (www.chinaknowledge.de) [2][3], The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. Definition 1 / 6 - rebellion began in 1794; rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China - large groups of rebels claiming White Lotus affiliations rose up within the mountainous region that separated Sichuan province from Hubei and Shaanxi provinces Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/white-lotus-rebellion. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. . Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The rebellion grew in number and power and eventually, into a serious concern for the government. The Qings were from Manchuria, and they established their dynasty as a conquering force of the Ming dynasty by non-Chinese outsiders, maintaining that identity and organization throughout their 268-year reign. [12] The experience of suppressing the rebellion led to improvement in the organization and training of the militia, as many of their leaders wrote extensively on mobilization, enlistment and local defense methods. However, the date of retrieval is often important. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the Jin dynasty founded by Huiyuan in Mountain Lu, Jiujiang. In China, the Qing Dynasty had just put down the White Lotus Rebellion, a tax protest that ultimately killed about 16 million people a reminder that mass death and population growth don't . Though many movements and rebellions were considered by imperial bureaucrats to have been led by White Lotus Society leaders, there is reason to doubt that the White Lotus Society had any organizational unity. Rather, it consisted of uncoordinated roving bands using hit-and-run guerrilla tactics. Japan stripped away Taiwan, took effective control of Korea (formerly a Chinese tributary) following the First Sino-Japanese War of 189596, and also imposed unequal trade demands in the 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. After more than 2,000 years, though, Chinese imperial power under the last Chinese dynasty was about to collapse for good. Though he passed through an area inhabited by almost a million peasants, his army never measured more than 4,000 soldiers, many of whom had been forced into service. A decree by the Daoguang Emperor admitted, "it was extortion by local officials that goaded the people into rebellion" By threatening the arrest of people who engaged in sectarian activities, local officials and police extorted money from people. [2][3]. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. What brought about the collapse of this once-mighty empire, ushering in the modern era in China? Although the rebellion continued for nine years, it never became an organized attempt to establish a new dynasty. ", Dai, Yingcong. Nevertheless, where can you catch hints that the -angel longs for his former state? (February 22, 2023). Sikh uprisings against the Mughal Empire in India, Pugachev's Revolt in the Russian Empire, and the White Lotus Rebellion in China mirrored the rebellions in the Atlantic world. The Last Emperor, 6-year-old Puyi, formally abdicated the throne on Feb. 12, 1912, ending not only the Qing dynasty but China's millennia-long imperial period. The White Lotus Rebellion Another important rebellion launched by members of the White Lotus Society was the White Lotus Rebellion . The Qing state banned the religion, and it, The White Lotus society (Bailianjiao) was a religious cult already in existence in the Nan (Southern) Song dynasty (11271279). Motivated by millenarian Buddhists who promised the immediate return of the Buddha, it erupted out of social and economic discontent in the impoverished provinces of Hubei, Shaanxi, and Sichuan (including modern Sichuan and Chongqing). These three Atlantic RevolutionsAmerican, French, and Haitianwere part of a broader world crisis at the end of the eighteenth century. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. The Red Turban Rebellion which took place in 1352, was led by the White Lotus group. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. He did not distribute captured wealth or food supplies, nor did he promise to lessen the tax burden. ." Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. A systematic program of pacification followed in which the populace was resettled in hundreds of stockaded villages and organized into militia. "Tianlijiao ", in. Some of these militia groups were further trained as attack armies to seek out the rebels, whose forces were thinned by offers of amnesty to the rank and file and of rewards for the capture of the leaders. Surprisingly, the ill-organized rebels managed to defeat the inadequate and inefficient Qing imperial forces. When the Manchu tribes of Manchuria (now Northeast China) conquered China some 500 years later in the 17th century and proclaimed the Qing dynasty, the White Lotus members dedicated themselves to the overthrow of the alien Manchu and to the return of the previous Ming dynasty (13681644). Inventions @media only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) { Other White Lotus spinoffs include the Eight Trigrams, the Tiger Whips, and the Yihequan (Boxers). Administrators also seized and destroyed sectarian scriptures which were used by the religious groups. It is only as historical sources look back upon these events do they began to summarize the various aspects of these uprisings as the "White Lotus rebellion.". The calamitous Opium Wars seemed to prove that the alien ruling dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven and needed to be overthrown. The White Lotus Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Chun ch bi lin jio q y, 17941804) was a rebellion that occurred during the Qing Dynasty of China. The doctrine of the White Lotus includes an alleged forecast to the advent of the Buddha. Tibet has been an independent country throughout the historical period and since time immemorial according to Tibetans' own myth-based sense of, Xinjiang (shnjyng) or Sinkiang (shnjyng, snkyng) [Chinese,=new frontier], officially Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Mandarin Xinjiang U, For more information on Chinese history and culture, seeVol. Dimitri Vegas, Steve Aoki The White Lotus Theme (Aloha!) The White Lotus Rebellion was initiated as an antitax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society. [9], A systematic program of pacification followed: the populace was resettled in hundreds of stockaded villages and organized into militias. Other White Lotus spinoffs include the Eight Trigrams, the Tiger Whips, and the Yihequan (Boxers). [10], The Qing commanders who were sent to repress the rebellion had a difficult time putting down the White Lotus. What was the White Lotus rebellion and what did it do to the dynasty Wang Lun likely failed because he did not make any attempts to raise wide public support. The White Lotus led impoverished slaves to freedom, promising personal salvation in return for their loyalty. Others began to openly call for the overthrow of the existing regime and replace it with a constitutional rule. How might this yearning relate co Milton's mention of "the thought of lost happiness" in lines 545554-555455? Though he passed through an area inhabited by almost a million peasants, his army never measured more than 4,000 soldiers, many of whom had been forced into service. During the Qing dynasty, inventions continued to emerge despite the turbulent uprisings and conflicts such as the White Lotus Rebellion, the First Opium War, and the Taiping Rebellion. The young pretender, Wang Fa-sheng, was never any other than a puppet in the hands of the leaders. Having attained the Mandate of Heaven and the status of Emperor, he took the title Hongwu and founded a new dynasty - the Ming. White Lotus Rebellion, (1796-1804), large-scale uprising in the mountainous regions of central China that contributed to the decline of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911/12). [4], Though many movements and rebellions were considered by imperial bureaucrats to have been led by White Lotus Society leaders, there is reason to doubt that the White Lotus Society had any organizational unity. //dreamhomesoftexas on Instagram: POV: Your Brand New Ultra-Luxury Build The Qianlong emperor ordered that the Eight Banner armies, whether they had Manchu or Han banners, were not to be used to suppress internal uprisings, so the Qing mainly relied on the Han Chinese Green Standard Army and Han militias in order to suppress rebellions such as the White Lotus. The White Lotus Rebellion was a rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China. He simply and quietly disappeared. After 48 years, official Zeng Guofan studied and was inspired by the dynasty's methods during the White Lotus Rebellion while considering ways to defeat the Taiping movement. Issues and Trends in China's Demographic History. [9] The Qianlong emperor ordered that the Eight Banner armies, whether they had Manchu or Han banners, were not to be used to suppress internal uprisings, so the Qing mainly relied on the Han Chinese Green Standard Army and Han militias in order to suppress rebellions such as the White Lotus. International imperialism brought the Opium Wars (1840-42 and 1856-60), Sino-French War (1884-85), Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) and Boxer War (1898-1900). [8] The leader, herbalist and martial artist Wang Lun, led an uprising that captured three small cities and laid siege to the larger city of Linqing, a strategic location on the north-south Grand Canal transportation route. When the last Chinese dynastythe Qing dynastyfell in 19111912, it marked the end of the nation's incredibly long imperial history. Approximately 7,000 Banner troops were sent in from Manchuria in combination with Green Standard Army soldiers from Guizhou and Yunnan as well as tens of thousands of local mercenaries. Encyclopedia.com. The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the 14th century under Mongol rule. In 1805, the imperial authorities suppressed the White Lotus Rebellion by instituting a combination of military and social policies. The White Lotus Rebellion (Chinese: ; pinyin: Chun ch bi lin jio q y, 17941804) was a rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China. France seized Southeast Asia, creating its colony of French Indochina. . At the . When the Manchu tribes of Manchuria (now Northeast China) conquered China some 500 years later in the 17th century and proclaimed the Qing dynasty, the White Lotus Read More Yuan dynasty In China: Foreign religions Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The White Lotus Society is traditionally considered to have first appeared during the 14th century under the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. Beginning as tax protests, the eventual rebellion gained growing support and sympathy from many ordinary people. - rebellion began in 1794; rebellion initiated by followers of the White Lotus movement during the Qing dynasty of China, - the ill-organized rebels managed to defeat the inadequate and inefficient Qing imperial forces, - was initiated as a tax protest led by the White Lotus Society, a secret religious society.